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In 1911, George Bannerman Dealey, operator of the Dallas Morning News, brought in famed landscape architect George Kessler. By the early 20th century, largely due to federal, state, and local laws preventing Black residents from living anywhere else in the city, North Dallas faced overcrowding, poverty, and deterioration.ĭuring this time, white Dallas leaders worked quietly to unify a city whose geography was sprawling and haphazard. One of the largest, known first as Freedman's Town, then North Dallas, boasted a population of more than 500 Black Americans and was situated about two miles northeast of downtown. After enslaved Texans learned of their emancipation, many settled in “freedmen's towns” across Dallas. I live in the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) metroplex. So if you’re looking for a place to start, look in your own neighborhood. They will vary from city to city, suburb to suburb.

Reconstructing more equitable cities will require prophetic imagination and real, political solutions.

“If a highway was built for the purpose of dividing a white and a Black neighborhood, or if an underpass was constructed such that a bus carrying mostly Black and Puerto Rican kids to a beach … in New York was designed too low for it to pass by, that obviously reflects racism that went into those design choices,” he said.Ī number of Americans were confused - how can concrete and paint be racist? But Buttigieg is correct: Highways and bridges are examples of structural racism literally built into the American cityscape. Earlier this month, Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg made headlines by announcing that the recently-passed $1 trillion federal infrastructure bill will be used in part to address racial inequities in U.S.